The science and technology cooperation between Taiwan and the United States includes areas of basic and cutting-edge research, such as physics, atmospheric science, meteorology, nuclear energy, environmental conservation, space science, bio-medical and life sciences, etc. As of December 2022, there had been over 282 bilateral collaborative agreements/MOUs signed to promote science and technology.

Notable projects include the large-scale scientific collaborative contribution to the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) program, FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC, and FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2, which aim to provide significantly more reliable weather forecasts. On June 25, 2019, U.S.-Taiwan collaborative satellites of the FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 program were successfully launched from LC-39A, the former U.S. space shuttle launch site at the Kennedy Space Center. It is the largest-ever significant collaboration in space science and technology cooperation between Taiwan and the United States.

On December 14, 2020, TECRO and AIT signed an Agreement on Scientific and Technological Cooperation. This STA provides a platform for comprehensive scientific and technological cooperation between Taiwan and the United States. It calls for the two parties to jointly promote cooperation in research, personnel exchanges, and building human resource capacity. The details of cooperation will be defined by implementing arrangements concluded between the two parties, which are committed to a global partnership for prosperity and mutual benefit.

In 2022, the Biden administration reignited the Cancer Moonshot Program with the goal to reduce cancer deaths by 50% over 25 years and to improve the experience of people and their families surviving cancer. Based on the first-term profound performance, Taiwan and the United States have extended the second term of this program on August 22 to strengthen bilateral cooperation, enhancing human well-being.

National Science and Technology Council(NSTC) of Taiwan and National Science Foundation(NSF) of the U.S. launched the cooperation in the Advanced Semiconductor Chip program in September 2022. This collaboration, through the connection of Taiwan’s solid foundation in IC foundries and the advantages of the United States in chip design, will drive the development of bilateral semiconductors in advanced technology research and breakthrough innovation to ensure both countries secure leadership in the global industry.